How can PHP developers effectively debug and troubleshoot issues in their code?

To effectively debug and troubleshoot PHP code, developers can utilize tools like Xdebug, error logging, and var_dump() or print_r() functions to identify issues. They can also break down the code into smaller parts and test each component individually to isolate the problem. Additionally, using an IDE with debugging capabilities can help track down errors more efficiently.

// Example code snippet using var_dump() to troubleshoot a variable
$variable = "Hello, world!";
var_dump($variable);