How can PHP developers effectively debug their code?

PHP developers can effectively debug their code by using tools like Xdebug, logging, and debugging functions like var_dump() and print_r(). They can also utilize IDEs with built-in debugging capabilities to step through their code line by line and identify errors.

// Example code snippet demonstrating the use of var_dump() for debugging
$variable = "Hello, world!";
var_dump($variable);