How can PHP developers effectively debug and troubleshoot issues related to MySQL query results in their code?

When PHP developers encounter issues with MySQL query results in their code, they can effectively debug and troubleshoot by using error handling techniques, checking for errors in the query execution, and ensuring proper connection to the database. Additionally, they can use functions like mysqli_error() to retrieve detailed error messages and debug the code step by step to identify the root cause of the issue.

// Establish a connection to the MySQL database
$connection = mysqli_connect("localhost", "username", "password", "database");

// Check for connection errors
if (!$connection) {
    die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

// Execute a sample query
$query = "SELECT * FROM table";
$result = mysqli_query($connection, $query);

// Check for query execution errors
if (!$result) {
    die("Query failed: " . mysqli_error($connection));
}

// Fetch and display query results
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
    echo $row['column_name'] . "<br>";
}

// Close the connection
mysqli_close($connection);