How can PHP beginners troubleshoot and solve character encoding issues in their code?

Character encoding issues in PHP code can be solved by ensuring that the correct character encoding is specified in the code and that the data being processed is in the correct encoding format. PHP beginners can troubleshoot character encoding issues by checking the encoding settings in their PHP files, using functions like mb_convert_encoding() to convert between different encodings, and ensuring that input and output data is handled consistently in the correct encoding.

// Specify UTF-8 as the character encoding
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');

// Convert input data to UTF-8 encoding
$input = mb_convert_encoding($input, 'UTF-8', 'auto');

// Convert output data to UTF-8 encoding
$output = mb_convert_encoding($output, 'UTF-8', 'auto');