How can PHP beginners effectively structure their projects to avoid unnecessary loading times and improve user experience?

To avoid unnecessary loading times and improve user experience in PHP projects, beginners can effectively structure their code by organizing it into separate files, using autoloaders to load classes only when needed, implementing caching mechanisms for frequently accessed data, and optimizing database queries. This will help reduce loading times and improve overall performance.

// Example of using autoloaders to load classes only when needed
spl_autoload_register(function ($class_name) {
    include $class_name . '.php';
});

// Example of optimizing database queries
$query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :id";
$stmt = $pdo->prepare($query);
$stmt->execute(['id' => $user_id]);
$user = $stmt->fetch();