How can PHP be utilized to authenticate users before allowing access to specific files or directories?

To authenticate users before allowing access to specific files or directories, you can use PHP sessions to manage user login status. By checking if a user is logged in before granting access to protected files or directories, you can ensure that only authenticated users can access the content.

<?php
session_start();

if(!isset($_SESSION['loggedin']) || $_SESSION['loggedin'] !== true) {
    header('Location: login.php');
    exit;
}

// Code to display protected files or directories
?>