How can PHP be used to write output back into an HTML input or textarea element?

To write output back into an HTML input or textarea element using PHP, you can use the `value` attribute for input elements and place the PHP variable inside the opening and closing tags for textarea elements. This allows you to dynamically populate these elements with data retrieved from a database or user input.

// Example for input element
<input type="text" name="username" value="<?php echo $username; ?>">

// Example for textarea element
<textarea name="message"><?php echo $message; ?></textarea>