How can PHP be used to differentiate between a first-time visitor and a returning visitor on a website for personalized content display?

To differentiate between a first-time visitor and a returning visitor on a website for personalized content display, you can use cookies to store a unique identifier for each visitor. When a visitor accesses the website, you can check if the cookie exists. If it does, the visitor is returning; if not, it's a first-time visitor.

<?php
// Check if the visitor is returning or first-time
if(isset($_COOKIE['visitor_id'])) {
    echo "Welcome back!";
} else {
    echo "Welcome, new visitor!";
    // Set a cookie to identify the visitor
    $visitor_id = uniqid();
    setcookie('visitor_id', $visitor_id, time() + (86400 * 30), "/"); // Cookie valid for 30 days
}
?>