How can PHP arrays be effectively utilized for storing and retrieving data from MySQL queries?

To effectively utilize PHP arrays for storing and retrieving data from MySQL queries, you can fetch the results of the query into an associative array using functions like mysqli_fetch_assoc or PDO's fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC). This allows you to easily access and manipulate the data in a structured way within your PHP code.

// Assuming $conn is the MySQL database connection
$query = "SELECT * FROM table_name";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);

$data = array();
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
    $data[] = $row;
}

// Now $data is an array containing the fetched data from the MySQL query
// You can access specific values using keys like $data[0]['column_name']