How can PHP and mod_rewrite be utilized to implement access control and routing for a website login system?

To implement access control and routing for a website login system using PHP and mod_rewrite, you can create a PHP script that checks the user's credentials and redirects them to the appropriate page based on their access level. You can use mod_rewrite to rewrite URLs and enforce access control rules.

```php
<?php
// Check user credentials
if ($user_authenticated) {
    if ($user_access_level == 'admin') {
        header('Location: admin_dashboard.php');
    } else {
        header('Location: user_dashboard.php');
    }
} else {
    header('Location: login.php');
}
?>
```

Make sure to set up mod_rewrite rules in your .htaccess file to route requests to the PHP script based on the URL structure.