How can PDO attributes like PDO::ATTR_ORACLE_NULLS and PDO::NULL_TO_STRING affect JSON encoding and data integrity?

When using PDO to interact with a database, certain attributes like PDO::ATTR_ORACLE_NULLS and PDO::NULL_TO_STRING can affect how null values are handled. This can impact JSON encoding and data integrity if null values are not properly converted or handled. To ensure data integrity and proper JSON encoding, it is important to set these attributes accordingly to handle null values as needed.

// Set PDO attributes to handle null values
$pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ORACLE_NULLS, PDO::NULL_TO_STRING);