How can output before setting headers or cookies in PHP cause errors, and how can this issue be resolved?

Output before setting headers or cookies in PHP can cause errors because headers must be sent before any output is displayed on the page. To resolve this issue, you can use the ob_start() function at the beginning of your script to buffer the output, allowing you to set headers or cookies later in the script without causing errors.

<?php
ob_start();

// Set headers or cookies here

ob_end_flush();
?>