How can one troubleshoot issues with PHP installation and Apache server restarts?

To troubleshoot issues with PHP installation and Apache server restarts, first ensure that PHP is properly installed and configured on the server. Check the PHP configuration file (php.ini) for any errors or misconfigurations. Additionally, check the Apache error logs for any relevant error messages that may indicate the cause of the issue. Finally, try restarting the Apache server to see if that resolves the problem.

// Example PHP code snippet to restart Apache server using shell_exec
$output = shell_exec('sudo service apache2 restart');
echo $output;