How can one troubleshoot and debug session variable issues in PHP applications effectively?

Session variable issues in PHP applications can be troubleshooted and debugged effectively by checking if session_start() is called before accessing session variables, ensuring that session variables are properly set and unset, and verifying if session.save_path is correctly configured in php.ini. Additionally, using var_dump($_SESSION) can help in inspecting the contents of session variables.

<?php
session_start();

// Set session variable
$_SESSION['username'] = 'john_doe';

// Unset session variable
unset($_SESSION['username']);

// Display session variable contents
var_dump($_SESSION);
?>