How can one troubleshoot and debug errors related to executing Linux command line programs in PHP?

When troubleshooting and debugging errors related to executing Linux command line programs in PHP, it is important to check for any syntax errors in the command being executed, ensure that the necessary permissions are set for the PHP script to run the command, and use error handling techniques such as try-catch blocks to catch any exceptions that may occur during execution. 

<?php
$command = 'ls -l';
$output = shell_exec($command);

if ($output === null) {
    throw new Exception('Error executing command');
}

echo $output;
?>

Keywords

Linux command line PHP debugging errors

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