How can one optimize PHP scripts to handle large datasets efficiently?

When dealing with large datasets in PHP scripts, it's important to optimize the code for efficiency to prevent performance issues. One way to do this is by using techniques like pagination, caching, and optimizing database queries to reduce the amount of data being processed at once.

// Example of optimizing PHP script to handle large datasets efficiently

// Pagination example
$page = isset($_GET['page']) ? $_GET['page'] : 1;
$limit = 10;
$offset = ($page - 1) * $limit;

$query = "SELECT * FROM large_table LIMIT $limit OFFSET $offset";
// Execute query and display results

// Caching example
$cacheKey = 'large_dataset';
if(!($data = apc_fetch($cacheKey))){
    $data = // Retrieve data from database
    apc_store($cacheKey, $data, 3600); // Cache data for 1 hour
}
// Process and display cached data

// Optimizing database query example
$query = "SELECT column1, column2 FROM large_table WHERE condition = 'value'";
// Only select necessary columns and apply indexes for faster query execution