How can one optimize PHP code for better performance when dealing with database connections and queries?

To optimize PHP code for better performance when dealing with database connections and queries, one can utilize techniques such as using prepared statements to prevent SQL injection, minimizing the number of queries executed, caching query results, and closing database connections when they are no longer needed. 

// Example of using prepared statements to optimize database queries
$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase', 'username', 'password');

$stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :id');
$stmt->bindParam(':id', $userId, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->execute();

$user = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

// Close the database connection when done
$pdo = null;

Keywords

PHP database optimization performance tuning query optimization connection pooling

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