How can one ensure that special characters and umlauts are displayed correctly in PHP output, especially when dealing with multiple encoding formats?

Special characters and umlauts may not display correctly in PHP output due to encoding issues. To ensure they are displayed correctly, you can use the `utf8_encode()` function to convert the string to UTF-8 encoding before outputting it. This will help in handling special characters and umlauts across different encoding formats. 

<?php
$text = "Special characters like ü and ñ will display correctly.";
echo utf8_encode($text);
?>

Keywords

Special characters Umlauts Encoding formats PHP output Display.

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