How can one ensure that all components (database, website output, PHP files) are correctly set to UTF-8 encoding in PHP?

To ensure that all components (database, website output, PHP files) are correctly set to UTF-8 encoding in PHP, you need to set the character encoding to UTF-8 in your database connection, specify the UTF-8 encoding in your PHP files, and set the UTF-8 encoding in the HTML output of your website. 

// Set the character encoding to UTF-8 in your database connection
$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase', 'username', 'password', array(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => "SET NAMES utf8"));

// Specify UTF-8 encoding in your PHP files
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');

// Set UTF-8 encoding in the HTML output of your website
echo '<meta charset="utf-8">';

Keywords

UTF-8 encoding PHP files database website output set encoding

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