How can one ensure proper file and directory permissions for PHP scripts on a server without access to php.ini?

To ensure proper file and directory permissions for PHP scripts on a server without access to php.ini, you can use the `chmod()` function in PHP to set the appropriate permissions for the files and directories. You can set the permissions to be more restrictive by using numeric values like 0644 for files and 0755 for directories.

// Set file permissions to 0644
$file = 'example.php';
chmod($file, 0644);

// Set directory permissions to 0755
$directory = 'uploads';
chmod($directory, 0755);