How can one ensure case-insensitivity in SQL queries when interacting with MySQL databases in PHP?

To ensure case-insensitivity in SQL queries when interacting with MySQL databases in PHP, you can use the `LOWER()` function to convert both the column values and the search term to lowercase before comparing them. This way, the query will be case-insensitive. 

$searchTerm = "John Doe";
$searchTerm = strtolower($searchTerm);

$sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE LOWER(name) = :searchTerm";

$stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
$stmt->bindParam(':searchTerm', $searchTerm, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$stmt->execute();

Keywords

MySQL PHP case-insensitive collation SQL queries

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