How can one effectively debug PHP scripts to identify and fix errors?

To effectively debug PHP scripts to identify and fix errors, one can utilize tools like Xdebug for step-by-step debugging, error reporting functions like error_reporting(E_ALL) and ini_set('display_errors', 1) to display errors, and logging functions like error_log() to log errors to a file for further analysis. 

<?php
// Enable error reporting
error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set('display_errors', 1);

// Your PHP code here
// Use error_log() to log errors
error_log("An error occurred");
?>

Keywords

Xdebug var_dump error_reporting stack trace breakpoints

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