How can one effectively debug and troubleshoot PHP code when encountering empty arrays or unexpected results?

When encountering empty arrays or unexpected results in PHP code, one effective way to debug and troubleshoot is to use var_dump() or print_r() functions to inspect the contents of the array and check for any unexpected values or missing data. Additionally, you can use conditional statements to handle empty arrays or unexpected results gracefully, such as checking if an array is empty before attempting to access its elements.

// Example code snippet
$data = []; // Empty array

// Debugging using var_dump()
var_dump($data);

// Checking if array is empty
if (empty($data)) {
    echo "Array is empty";
} else {
    // Process array data
}