How can mixing different MySQL functions and PDO impact the execution of queries in PHP?

Mixing different MySQL functions and PDO can lead to issues such as inconsistent query execution, compatibility problems, and potential security vulnerabilities. To solve this issue, it is recommended to stick to using either PDO or MySQL functions consistently throughout the codebase. 

// Example of using PDO consistently for database operations

try {
    $pdo = new PDO("mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase", "username", "password");
    $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

    // Prepare and execute a query using PDO
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = :id");
    $stmt->bindParam(':id', $userId);
    $stmt->execute();
    
    // Fetch results using PDO
    $user = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
    
    // Close the connection
    $pdo = null;
} catch (PDOException $e) {
    echo "Error: " . $e->getMessage();
}

Keywords

MySQL functions PDO query execution PHP impact

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