How can JSON data be decoded in PHP to extract specific information?

To decode JSON data in PHP and extract specific information, you can use the `json_decode()` function to convert the JSON string into a PHP variable. You can then access specific data within the decoded object or array using array notation or object properties.

$jsonData = '{"name": "John Doe", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}';
$decodedData = json_decode($jsonData);

$name = $decodedData->name;
$age = $decodedData->age;
$city = $decodedData->city;

echo "Name: " . $name . "<br>";
echo "Age: " . $age . "<br>";
echo "City: " . $city . "<br>";