How can JavaScript be utilized in conjunction with PHP to achieve specific functionality, such as redirecting to a URL based on user input?

To redirect to a URL based on user input using JavaScript and PHP, you can use JavaScript to capture the user input and send it to a PHP script using AJAX. The PHP script can then process the input and generate the URL to redirect to. Finally, JavaScript can handle the redirection to the generated URL.

```php
<?php
if(isset($_POST['user_input'])){
    $user_input = $_POST['user_input'];
    
    // Process user input and generate URL
    $redirect_url = "https://example.com/" . $user_input;
    
    echo json_encode(array('redirect_url' => $redirect_url));
}
?>
```

Note: This PHP script expects the user input to be sent via a POST request. Make sure to include appropriate JavaScript code to handle the AJAX request and redirection.