How can JavaScript affect the behavior of form submissions in PHP, particularly when dealing with special characters like umlauts?

When dealing with special characters like umlauts in form submissions, JavaScript can be used to encode the input data before sending it to the PHP backend. This ensures that the special characters are properly handled and displayed. By using JavaScript to encode the data, it prevents any potential issues with character encoding during the form submission process.

// PHP code snippet to handle form submission with special characters like umlauts

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
    $encoded_data = json_decode(file_get_contents("php://input"), true);
    
    // Handle the encoded data as needed
}