How can HTML special characters be handled in PHP when creating a file manager?

When creating a file manager in PHP, special characters in HTML need to be properly handled to prevent any security vulnerabilities or display issues. One way to handle HTML special characters is to use the htmlspecialchars() function in PHP. This function converts special characters to their HTML entities, ensuring that the content is displayed correctly and securely.

// Handle HTML special characters in file manager
$file_name = "<script>alert('Hello World');</script>";
$escaped_file_name = htmlspecialchars($file_name);

echo $escaped_file_name; // Output: <script>alert('Hello World');</script>