How can frameworks impact the way special characters are handled in PHP code?

Frameworks can impact the way special characters are handled in PHP code by providing built-in functions or libraries for escaping and sanitizing user input. This helps prevent security vulnerabilities such as SQL injection or cross-site scripting attacks. By using these framework-provided tools, developers can ensure that special characters are properly handled and encoded before being used in database queries or displayed on a webpage.

// Example of using a framework's built-in function to handle special characters
$userInput = "<script>alert('Hello!');</script>";
$cleanInput = $framework->sanitizeInput($userInput);
echo $cleanInput;