How can file upload permissions be changed in PHP to avoid permission denied errors?

To avoid permission denied errors when uploading files in PHP, you can change the permissions of the upload directory to allow the web server to write to it. This can be done using the `chmod` function in PHP to set the appropriate permissions on the directory.

// Set the upload directory path
$uploadDir = '/path/to/upload/directory';

// Set the permissions for the upload directory
chmod($uploadDir, 0777);