How can errors in URL handling in PHP scripts be effectively debugged and resolved?

Errors in URL handling in PHP scripts can be effectively debugged and resolved by checking for common mistakes such as incorrect syntax, missing variables, or improper use of functions like urlencode() or urldecode(). It is important to also use tools like var_dump() or print_r() to inspect the URL variables and identify any issues. Additionally, sanitizing user input and validating URLs can help prevent errors in URL handling.

// Example of sanitizing and validating a URL in PHP
$url = isset($_GET['url']) ? filter_var($_GET['url'], FILTER_VALIDATE_URL) : null;

if ($url) {
    // URL is valid, proceed with processing
    echo "Valid URL: " . $url;
} else {
    // URL is invalid, handle error
    echo "Invalid URL";
}