How can errors in PHP code be effectively debugged and resolved?

To effectively debug and resolve errors in PHP code, you can use tools like error reporting, logging, and debugging tools like Xdebug. Additionally, breaking down the code into smaller parts, checking for syntax errors, and using print statements for output can help identify and fix issues.

// Enable error reporting
error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set('display_errors', 1);

// Use print statements to check variable values
$variable = 10;
print_r($variable);

// Use Xdebug for debugging