How can errors in file uploads and database insertions be effectively debugged in PHP?

To effectively debug errors in file uploads and database insertions in PHP, you can use error handling techniques such as try-catch blocks and error logging. By implementing proper error handling, you can identify the specific issues causing the errors and troubleshoot them accordingly.

try {
    // Code for file upload or database insertion
} catch (Exception $e) {
    error_log('Error: ' . $e->getMessage());
    // Additional debugging steps can be added here
}