How can error_reporting be used effectively in PHP to debug and troubleshoot issues in code?

To effectively debug and troubleshoot PHP code, error_reporting can be used to display errors and warnings. By setting the error_reporting level to E_ALL, all errors and warnings will be displayed, helping to identify issues in the code. Additionally, using functions like error_log() can log errors to a file for further analysis.

// Set error reporting level to display all errors and warnings
error_reporting(E_ALL);

// Log errors to a file for further analysis
ini_set('log_errors', 1);
ini_set('error_log', '/path/to/error.log');