How can error reporting and debugging techniques be effectively utilized to troubleshoot issues related to PDO queries and result fetching in PHP?

Issue: When working with PDO queries in PHP, it's important to properly handle errors and debug any issues that may arise during the execution of the queries or fetching of results. To effectively troubleshoot PDO query and result fetching issues in PHP, you can utilize error reporting by setting the PDO error mode to PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION. This will throw exceptions when errors occur, allowing you to catch and handle them appropriately. Additionally, you can use try-catch blocks to catch exceptions and log error messages for further debugging.

try {
    $pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase', 'username', 'password');
    $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);

    $stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT * FROM mytable');
    $stmt->execute();

    $results = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

    foreach ($results as $row) {
        // Process each row
    }
} catch (PDOException $e) {
    // Log or output the error message for debugging
    echo 'Error: ' . $e->getMessage();
}