How can encoding issues like missing or incorrect characters (e.g., Umlauts) be resolved in PHP forums or scripts?

Encoding issues like missing or incorrect characters (e.g., Umlauts) can be resolved in PHP forums or scripts by ensuring that the correct character encoding is specified in the script and that data is properly sanitized and validated before being displayed. Additionally, using functions like utf8_encode() or utf8_decode() can help convert strings to the correct encoding. 

// Specify UTF-8 encoding
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');

// Convert string to UTF-8 encoding
$encoded_string = utf8_encode($original_string);

// Decode UTF-8 string
$decoded_string = utf8_decode($encoded_string);

Keywords

Encoding UTF-8 mb_convert_encoding htmlspecialchars htmlentities

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