How can developers ensure efficient and effective communication between PHP code and language files when using Smarty?

Developers can ensure efficient and effective communication between PHP code and language files when using Smarty by properly organizing and maintaining language files, utilizing Smarty's built-in functions for language handling, and implementing a clear naming convention for language variables.

// Example of using Smarty's language handling functions
$smarty->assign('lang', array(
    'welcome_message' => $smarty->getLang('welcome_message'),
    'error_message' => $smarty->getLang('error_message')
));