How can developers effectively troubleshoot and debug PHP scripts that are causing fatal errors during installation or execution?

When encountering fatal errors in PHP scripts during installation or execution, developers can effectively troubleshoot and debug by enabling error reporting, checking for syntax errors, and using tools like Xdebug for more in-depth debugging. By carefully examining error messages and tracing the code execution flow, developers can pinpoint the root cause of the issue and implement necessary fixes.

<?php
// Enable error reporting
error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set('display_errors', 1);

// Check for syntax errors
if (ini_get('display_errors')) {
    ini_set('display_errors', 0);
    $result = eval('return true;');
    if ($result === false) {
        die('Syntax error detected');
    }
    ini_set('display_errors', 1);
}

// Implement necessary fixes
// Code snippet causing the fatal error