How can developers effectively integrate PHP and Python scripts for seamless data exchange?

To effectively integrate PHP and Python scripts for seamless data exchange, developers can use a combination of file-based communication and shell execution. One approach is to have the PHP script write data to a file, which is then read by the Python script for processing. The Python script can then write the results back to another file, which the PHP script can read to retrieve the data.

// PHP script to write data to a file
$data = "Hello from PHP!";
file_put_contents('data.txt', $data);

// Execute Python script
$output = shell_exec('python myscript.py');

// Read data from Python script output
echo $output;