How can developers effectively debug PHP scripts that involve sending emails to identify issues such as duplicate email sending?

To effectively debug PHP scripts that involve sending emails and identify issues such as duplicate email sending, developers can implement a unique identifier for each email sent and store it in a database. Before sending an email, the script can check if the unique identifier already exists in the database to prevent sending duplicate emails. 

// Generate a unique identifier for the email
$email_identifier = md5(uniqid(rand(), true));

// Check if the unique identifier exists in the database before sending the email
if(!$db->emailExists($email_identifier)){
    // Send the email
    $result = mail($to, $subject, $message);

    // Store the unique identifier in the database
    $db->saveEmailIdentifier($email_identifier);
}

Keywords

PHP debugging email sending duplicate emails error identification

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