How can denormalized table layouts in PHP databases lead to complications in querying data?

Denormalized table layouts in PHP databases can lead to complications in querying data because data is duplicated across multiple tables, making it harder to maintain consistency and update information. To solve this issue, you can normalize the database by breaking down the denormalized tables into separate tables with relationships defined between them. 

// Example of normalizing denormalized tables in PHP

// Create a new table for the duplicated data
CREATE TABLE users (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    email VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
);

// Create a table for the original data with a foreign key relationship to the new table
CREATE TABLE orders (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    user_id INT,
    total_amount DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL,
    FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id)
);

Keywords

denormalized tables PHP databases complications querying data data retrieval

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