How can debugging techniques, such as var_dump, be utilized to troubleshoot PHP code effectively?

To troubleshoot PHP code effectively using debugging techniques like var_dump, you can use var_dump to display the contents of variables at specific points in your code to identify any issues with their values or types. This can help you pinpoint where errors are occurring and assist in finding the root cause of the problem.

// Example code snippet utilizing var_dump for debugging
$variable1 = 'Hello';
$variable2 = 123;

var_dump($variable1);
var_dump($variable2);