How can debugging techniques be used to identify and resolve issues in PHP code?

To identify and resolve issues in PHP code, debugging techniques such as using var_dump(), print_r(), and error_reporting() can be helpful. By using these functions, you can inspect variables, arrays, and error messages to pinpoint the source of the problem. Additionally, stepping through the code with a debugger or using logging functions can provide valuable insights into the execution flow and help in resolving issues efficiently.

```php
// Example code snippet using var_dump() to debug an issue with a variable
$number = 10;
var_dump($number);
```
This code snippet will output the value and data type of the variable $number, allowing you to check if it holds the expected value and troubleshoot any inconsistencies.