How can debugging techniques be effectively used to troubleshoot PHP code errors?

To effectively troubleshoot PHP code errors, debugging techniques such as using var_dump(), echo statements, and error reporting can be utilized. By strategically placing these debugging tools throughout the code, developers can identify where errors are occurring and gain insight into the values of variables at different points in the program execution.

// Example code snippet demonstrating the use of var_dump() for debugging
$variable = "Hello, world!";
var_dump($variable);