How can debugging techniques be effectively used to identify and resolve issues in PHP scripts, especially when error messages are not being generated?

When error messages are not being generated in PHP scripts, it can be challenging to identify and resolve issues. One effective way to debug these scripts is by using print statements or var_dump() function to output the values of variables and check the flow of the program. Additionally, using try-catch blocks can help capture and handle any exceptions that may be occurring without being displayed.

<?php
// Example of using print statements to debug PHP script
$variable = 10;
print $variable; // Output: 10

// Example of using var_dump() function to debug PHP script
$array = [1, 2, 3];
var_dump($array); // Output: array(3) { [0]=> int(1) [1]=> int(2) [2]=> int(3) }

// Example of using try-catch blocks to handle exceptions in PHP script
try {
    // Code that may throw an exception
    $result = 10 / 0;
} catch (Exception $e) {
    echo 'Caught exception: ' . $e->getMessage();
}
?>