How can debugging techniques be effectively applied to troubleshoot PHP code errors?

To effectively troubleshoot PHP code errors, you can use debugging techniques like printing variables, using error reporting functions, and stepping through the code with a debugger. By systematically analyzing the code and identifying the root cause of the error, you can pinpoint the issue and apply the necessary fix.

// Example PHP code snippet demonstrating the use of error reporting function
error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set('display_errors', 1);

// Your PHP code here