How can debugging techniques be effectively utilized to identify and resolve errors in PHP code?

Issue: Debugging techniques can be effectively utilized to identify and resolve errors in PHP code by using tools like var_dump() or print_r() to display variable values, using error_reporting() function to display errors, and stepping through the code using a debugger like Xdebug. Code snippet:

// Enable error reporting
error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set('display_errors', 1);

// Use var_dump() to display variable values
$variable = "Hello World";
var_dump($variable);

// Use print_r() to display array values
$array = [1, 2, 3];
print_r($array);