How can debugging techniques be applied to troubleshoot PHP code errors?

To troubleshoot PHP code errors, you can use debugging techniques such as printing variable values, using error reporting functions like error_log(), and utilizing debugging tools like Xdebug. By examining the output and error messages, you can pinpoint the source of the issue and make necessary corrections to the code.

// Example of using error_log() function to troubleshoot PHP code errors
error_log("An error occurred: " . $error_message);