How can debugging and error reporting be effectively utilized in PHP to troubleshoot script execution issues?

Issue: Debugging and error reporting in PHP can be effectively utilized by setting error reporting levels, using functions like error_log() to log errors, and using debugging tools like Xdebug to step through code execution.

// Set error reporting level to display all errors
error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set('display_errors', 1);

// Log errors to a file
ini_set('log_errors', 1);
ini_set('error_log', '/path/to/error.log');

// Enable Xdebug for debugging
// Steps to install Xdebug can be found at https://xdebug.org/docs/install