How can database normalization principles be applied to avoid string manipulation in PHP for data retrieval?

When applying database normalization principles, one way to avoid string manipulation in PHP for data retrieval is to properly structure the database tables to reduce the need for complex string operations. By organizing data into separate tables and using relationships between them, you can retrieve the necessary information more efficiently without relying on string manipulation in PHP. 

// Example of using normalized database tables to avoid string manipulation in PHP for data retrieval

// Assuming we have two tables: users and orders
// Users table: user_id, username, email
// Orders table: order_id, user_id, order_date, total_amount

// Connect to the database
$pdo = new PDO("mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase", "username", "password");

// Retrieve orders for a specific user without string manipulation
$user_id = 1; // Assuming user with ID 1
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount FROM orders WHERE user_id = :user_id");
$stmt->bindParam(':user_id', $user_id);
$stmt->execute();

// Fetch and display orders
while ($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)) {
    echo "Order ID: " . $row['order_id'] . ", Date: " . $row['order_date'] . ", Total Amount: " . $row['total_amount'] . "<br>";
}

Keywords

database normalization string manipulation PHP data retrieval principles

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